1970 Degree in Economics, Sapienza University of Rome 1977 PhD in Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) 1975-1981Professor of Economics at the universities of Trento, Padua and Venice 1981-1991 Professor of Economics and Monetary Policy at the University of Florence 1984-1990 Executive Director of the World Bank 1991-2001 Director General of the Italian Treasury 2002-2005 Vice Chairman and Managing Director at Goldman Sachs International 2006-October 2011 Governor, Banca d’Italia 2006-October 2011Chairman of the Financial Stability Board (former Financial Stability Forum) Since 2006 Member of the Board of Directors at the Bank for International Settlements Member of the G7 Member of the G20 Since November 2011 President of the European Central Bank Since November 2011 Chair of the European Systemic Risk Board Since June 2013 Chair of the Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision (GHOS) at the Bank for International Settlements