Harold T. Shapiro served as Princeton University's 18th president. Elected at a special Board of Trustees meeting on April 27, 1987, he was installed on January 8, 1988, and served in that capacity until June 2001. Shapiro, who received his Ph.D. in economics from Princeton in 1964, holds a faculty appointment as a professor of economics and public affairs. He came to Princeton from the University of Michigan where he served on the faculty for twenty-four years as professor of economics and public policy and as president from 1980-1988. His fields of special interest include econometrics, mathematical economics, science policy, the evolution of higher education as a social institution, and, more recently, bioethics. His wife, Vivian, received a Ph.D. from the Smith College School of Social Work and is a practicing clinician and researcher. The Shapiros have four daughters and eleven grandchildren.