Peter Clapman retired as Senior Vice President and Chief Counsel for TIAA-CREF where for 32 years he was the chief investment lawyer and head of its corporate governance programme. He developed TIAA-CREF’s global governance policies, strategies and initiatives. TIAA-CREF has been cited in Business Week and other publications as having an effective and pre-eminent corporate governance programme. He was included in the December 2003 Smart Money 30 list of the 30 individuals having the most influence in the field of investments for his work in corporate governance. He was among five individuals to be profiled in the Financial Times on 15 December 2004 for his prominent role in the global corporate governance field. He is a consultant to corporate managements, boards of directors and institutional investors in the fields of corporate governance and legal and regulatory issues, both within the US and overseas. He is Senior Advisor to Galileo Global Advisors, a global consulting organisation. He is the Executive Director of the Pace Law School Directors Institute which offers educational programmes for corporate not-for-profit directors. He is active in many organisations specialising in corporate governance and director education in the United States and globally. He is a board member of the National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD), a faculty member on its Director Education programmes, and was a commissioner on its Blue Ribbon Commission on Board Leadership. A graduate of Princeton University, he earned the JD degree from Harvard Law School. He was elected a member of the American Law Institute in 1993. He is a Member of the Primary Markets Group of the London Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Listing Council, and was on the Legal Advisory Committee of the New York Stock Exchange. He is the immediate past chairman of the International Corporate Governance Network (“ICGN”), and chairs the Investor Responsibility Task Force, established by the World Bank Global Corporate Governance Forum.